147 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# Hardware Installation
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For installations on physical hardware, create a NixOS installer image and transfer it to a bootable USB drive as described below.
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## Creating a Bootable USB Drive on Linux
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To create a bootable USB flash drive with the NixOS installer:
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### Download the install iso
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Either with wget:
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```shellSession
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wget https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-images/releases/download/nixos-unstable/nixos-installer-x86_64-linux.iso
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```
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or with curl:
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```shellSession
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curl -L https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-images/releases/download/nixos-unstable/nixos-installer-x86_64-linux.iso -o nixos-installer-x86_64-linux.iso
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```
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### Prepare the USB Flash Drive
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1. Insert your USB flash drive into your computer.
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2. Identify your flash drive with `lsblk`.
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```shellSession
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lsblk
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
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sdb 8:0 1 117,2G 0 disk
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└─sdb1 8:1 1 117,2G 0 part /run/media/qubasa/INTENSO
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nvme0n1 259:0 0 1,8T 0 disk
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├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot
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└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 1,8T 0 part
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└─luks-f7600028-9d83-4967-84bc-dd2f498bc486 254:0 0 1,8T 0 crypt /nix/store
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```
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In this case it's `sdb`
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3. Ensure all partitions on the drive are unmounted. Replace `sdX` in the command below with your device identifier (like `sdb`, etc.):
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```shellSession
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sudo umount /dev/sdb1
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```
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### Write the Image to the USB Drive
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Use the `dd` utility to write the NixOS installer image to your USB drive:
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```shellSession
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sudo dd bs=4M conv=fsync oflag=direct status=progress if=./nixos-installer-x86_64-linux.iso of=/dev/sd<X>
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```
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In this case, the USB device is `sdb` use `of=/dev/sdb`
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### Boot and Connect
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After writing the installer to the USB drive, use it to boot the target machine.
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1. For this secure boot needs to be disabled. Go into your UEFI / Bios settings by pressing one of the keys outlined below while booting:
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- **Dell**: F2/Del (BIOS Setup)
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- **HP**: Esc (Startup Menu)
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- **Lenovo**: F2/Fn+F2/Novo Button (IdeaPad Boot Menu/BIOS Setup)
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- **Acer**: F2/Del (BIOS Setup)
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- **Asus**: F2/Del (BIOS Setup)
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- **Toshiba**: Esc then F12 (Alternate Method)
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- **Sony**: F11
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- **Samsung**: F2 (BIOS Setup)
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- **MSI**: Del (BIOS Setup)
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- **Apple**: Option (Alt) Key (Boot Menu for Mac)
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- If your hardware was not listed read the manufacturers instructions how to enter the boot Menu/BIOS Setup.
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2. Inside the UEFI/Bios Menu go to `Security->Secure Boot` and disable secure boot
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3. Save your settings. Put in the USB stick and reboot.
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4. Press one of keys outlined below to go into the Boot Menu
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- **Dell**: F12 (Boot Menu)
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- **HP**: F9 (Boot Menu)
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- **Lenovo**: F12 (ThinkPad Boot Menu)
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- **Acer**: F12 (Boot Menu)
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- **Asus**: F8/Esc (Boot Menu)
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- **Toshiba**: F12/F2 (Boot Menu)
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- **Sony**: F11
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- **Samsung**: F2/F12/Esc (Boot Menu)
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- **MSI**: F11
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- **Apple**: Option (Alt) Key (Boot Menu for Mac)
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- If your hardware was not listed read the manufacturers instructions how to enter the boot Menu/BIOS Setup.
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5. Select `NixOS` to boot into the clan installer
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6. The installer will display an IP address and a root password, which you can use to connect via SSH.
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Alternatively you can also use the displayed QR code.
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7. Set your keyboard language (i.e. `de` for German keyboards, default is English). Important for writing passwords correctly.
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```shellSession
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loadkeys de
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```
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8. If you only have Wifi available, execute:
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1. Bring up the `iwd` shell
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```shellSession
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iwctl
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```
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2. List available networks. Double press tab after station for autocompleting your wlan device. In this case `wlan0`
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```shellSession
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[iwd] station wlan0 get-networks
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```
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3. Connect to a Wifi network. Replace `SSID` with the wlan network name.
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```shellSession
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[iwd] station wlan0 connect SSID
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```
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9. Now that you have internet re-execute the init script by pressing `Ctrl+D` or by executing:
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```shellSession
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bash
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```
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10. Connect to the machine over ssh
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```shellSession
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ssh-copy-id -o PreferredAuthentications=password root@<ip>
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```
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Use the root password displayed on your screen as login.
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---
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# Whats next?
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- Deploy a clan machine-configuration on your prepared machine
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---
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